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3/2025
Against Women
Original price was: 6,50 €.Current price is: 4,90 €.
Tackling Gender Discrimination at Work and at Home Discrimination still runs deep in many areas of our society. It’s unfair, it weakens social cohesion, and it robs us of valuable human potential – something we can hardly afford as advanced countries face demographic decline. Women, along with ethnic and religious minorities and people who don’t conform to mainstream standards of sexuality or appearance, are often the primary targets. This issue focuses on the discrimination faced by women, who have become the main victims of the backlash against inclusion policies, particularly those pushed back overseas. Maybe affirmative action – like gender quotas – has sometimes gone too far. But that doesn’t mean we should undo decades of progress in civil rights. So how do we push back against this rollback and keep moving forward in the fight for gender equality?
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5/2024
Can We Control Artificial Intelligence?
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Managing Its Impact on Social Interactions, the Economy, Employment, and Our Democracies There is widespread concern about how artificial intelligence might affect our lives—changing social interactions, the economy, jobs, health, information, and the functioning of our democracies. Leading scientists have called for a six-month pause on its development to better understand the path we are on. But technological progress isn’t something we should just passively witness. We have the power to shape and guide it. In this issue, we present ideas on how and where to take action to ensure artificial intelligence complements human work and improves well-being, this time without harming those with lower incomes.
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4/2024
Economy and Crime
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The Impact of Organized Crime on Income and Employment, and Strategies to Reduce Widespread Illegality Organized crime not only destroys income and jobs but also takes human lives. We can combat it more effectively using artificial intelligence, provided we fully utilize available databases to predict the future actions of these organizations. Widespread illegality undermines our social fabric and diverts resources that could otherwise fund public goods. To tackle the issue of youth gangs, it is crucial to invest in schools and social spaces in peripheral areas. Additionally, providing legal sources of income to those in poverty is important. Our findings show that in already disadvantaged families, job loss or the costs associated with parenting push fathers towards crime. This is a crucial consideration for family support measures and social assistance programs.
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6/2024
Let’s Open Schools
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A More Inclusive Education System to Prevent the Waste of Human Capital in Italy Italy is facing a tremendous waste of human capital. Hundreds of thousands of well-educated young people struggle to find jobs, and when they do, they often end up in roles that have little to do with the skills they spent years acquiring through their studies. This is a loss we can no longer afford. Each year, about 100,000 people leave our workforce. Four years ago, only one in twenty companies reported staffing shortages; today, nearly one in two can’t fill vacant positions. To address this waste, we need to start with early childhood education, improve the quality of schools by valuing teachers’ work, and establish vocational pathways in higher education. Unfortunately, we are missing the opportunity presented by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (Pnrr) to tackle these deep-rooted problems in Italy’s education system.
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9/2024
Should We Be Worried About Debt?
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Global public debt is at an all-time high. How can we keep it under control? Public debt around the world has reached unprecedented levels. Managing it requires the skill of a tightrope walker. Excessive debt can become explosive, pushing a country to the brink of collapse, as history has shown us. On the other hand, rigidly adhering to balanced budgets, as Germany did for too long, or abruptly increasing taxes and cutting expenditures to reduce debt can drive a country into recession. A better approach is to aim for a gradual reduction of debt while considering that in the coming years, more resources will need to be allocated to environmental protection and healthcare, and many countries will increase defense spending. What we absolutely must avoid is borrowing blindly, without a clear plan for spending the funds, as happened with the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (Pnrr).
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8/2024
Skyward Cities
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The rise of vertical cities and the struggle to govern them Today, two out of three people live in cities, and urbanization shows no signs of slowing down. Despite predictions that remote work and artificial intelligence would lead to emptying cities, the opposite has happened. Cities are expanding upward, becoming denser and more vertical. This trend makes them increasingly difficult to govern, with decision-making often gridlocked by conflicts of interest—even over the simplest issues. To ensure orderly growth and promote collective well-being, national governments—which have become less influential in the age of globalization—need to refocus their attention on their major cities.
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6/2025
The European Opportunity
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A more united Europe can become a leader among non-aligned countries, attract global talent, and strengthen the role of the euro Today, Europe has a unique opportunity to position itself as a global reference point, thanks to its independence from rival geopolitical blocs. But to seize this moment, it must become stronger and push forward decisively with deeper integration. That’s why, before welcoming new Eastern European countries, the EU needs to reform the rules that currently allow any member state to block decisions with a single veto. On the 40th anniversary of the Schengen Agreement, the European Union could also take a major step forward by introducing a shared social security code – an important move to strengthen the European identity that, for many young people, is already a natural part of their daily lives.
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2/2024
The new boundaries of European economic sovereignty
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In Europe, it is no longer feasible to separately address economic and geopolitical risks. We are confronted by ruthless dictators who manipulate energy resources as tools for political and military coercion; formidable powers like China, which fortify their influence in the Union’s new member states through strategic investments and trade relations; and long-standing allies like the United States, which have demonstrated their intent to prioritize their own geopolitical agendas, even at odds with European interests. How can we make Europe less susceptible to external manipulation, pressures, and shocks, while simultaneously mitigating the impact on the Union’s already tepid economic growth?
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7/2025
Transport in Turmoil
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Why Italy’s Summer of Gridlock Is No Accident Summer is the season that puts Italy’s transport system to the toughest test, exposing it to delays and breakdowns. Yet it would be wrong to think congestion—the real root of the problem—strikes only in the summer. It’s a year-round issue, especially in cities. The trouble is, Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan pours most of its funds into big new infrastructure projects, when a smarter strategy would be to “think small”: maintaining what already exists and, above all, strengthening local public transport, the daily lifeline for millions of people.
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3/2024
Unequal Health
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The exodus of doctors and nurses, the emergency room crisis, and the forgotten lesson of the pandemic People are living longer, but the inequality in aging is growing. There are increasing disparities in longevity and the chances of having a long, healthy life, influenced by income, occupation, and place of birth. Meanwhile, young people are facing rising levels of depression. Italy’s universal healthcare system faces significant challenges. During the pandemic, we received nearly 200 billion euros from Europe. It was expected that we would use these substantial resources to prepare for these challenges. Instead, emergency medicine is in a constant state of crisis, with shortages of doctors in many specialties and an even greater shortage of nurses. With the Recovery and Resilience National Plan, we have taken on an additional 123 billion euros of debt and have no more funds for healthcare. Despite this, there are still many improvements that can be made even with limited resources.
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1/2025
We Can’t Do Without Immigration
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To Be Socially Acceptable, It Needs to Be Managed, Not Just Tolerated As promised to our readers, this issue of eco delves into immigration in all its complexities and contradictions. We increasingly rely on it to fill job vacancies and fund pensions, yet it remains a central concern for many. We don’t merely highlight the problems, government missteps, avoidable costs, unenforceable rules, or the gap between perceptions and reality regarding the number and identity of immigrants. We also aim to propose solutions that allow us to manage, rather than endure, immigration. From filling entry quotas to creating a pathway to citizenship and externalizing border control, we explore actionable strategies.
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5/2025
What It Takes to Defend Peace
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Europe Prepares to Rearm Amid the Decline of American Power In a world growing ever more unstable, increased investment in European defense seems all but inevitable. But so are the trade-offs: more military spending means fewer resources for civilian needs. To avoid waste and duplication, Europe needs a unified strategy—not a fragmented rearmament effort by individual EU countries. In an age of drawn-out wars and fast-moving technological change that favors the defender, a strong economy remains Europe’s most powerful strategic asset.
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1/2024
When work is not enough
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Like in other countries, Italy is seeing record levels of employment. There are more salaried workers and an increase in permanent contracts. Yet, despite these statistics, many Italian families remain frustrated and dissatisfied, as their income is insufficient to escape poverty. Particularly for laborers, wages have diminished in purchasing power. The absence of a minimum wage, ineffective collective bargaining, and the diminished strength of unions—contrary to their outward portrayal—further exacerbate the situation.
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2/2025
Who Will Pay for Trump’s Tariffs?
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How Trade Wars Could Impact Income and Inflation Trump’s second presidency is shaping up to be even more aggressive than the first, with no restraints. His trade policies are driven by a mercantilist view of the economy, a narrow understanding of global interdependencies, and the interests of Big Tech. Will tariffs be used as a mere bargaining chip, or will they be enforced indiscriminately, sparking new trade wars? How will they affect income and inflation? What should we expect in key trade conflicts – between the U.S. and China, North America, Europe, and emerging markets? And what role can the European Union play? Italy, on its own, has little influence.
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7/2024
Why Half of America Votes for Trump
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Understanding the Global Success of Populist Leaders How can over 60 million Americans be willing to vote for Donald Trump—a figure widely seen as unfit to serve as President of the United States—in the upcoming November 5 election? What drives the success of populist leaders worldwide, even when history shows their governments often bring widespread hardship, undermine democratic institutions, and weaken protections for private property? In this issue of Eco, leading economists, political scientists, journalists, and public commentators share their perspectives, offering valuable comparisons between trends on both sides of the Atlantic.
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8/2025
Will the Lights Go Out?
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Why electricity costs so much in Italy and what we can do to keep the lights on while waiting for large-scale energy storage Yes, just like children, we should be a little afraid of the dark. Blackouts, whether brief or prolonged, local or widespread, are becoming more and more common across Europe, disrupting a society that has never been so dependent on electricity. To lower this risk, we need a more diverse energy mix — one that can balance shortfalls in one source by increasing another. Just as crucial is strengthening the interconnection between Europe’s power grids. Turning away from Europe’s decarbonization goals, following the lead of the United States, would be a serious mistake.
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